Tsunami: The Name of the Disaster After the Earthquake

Tsunamis are one of the devastating natural disasters that occur after earthquakes. These giant waves that occur after earthquakes can cause great loss of life and property when they reach the land. So, how does a tsunami occur, how far away do you need to be to be at a safe distance during a tsunami, and how long does it take for these giant waves to reach the land? Here are the curiosities about tsunamis that we have prepared for you, enjoy reading

So, have you ever wondered why Tsunamis occur after an Earthquake?

So, have you ever wondered why Tsunamis occur after an Earthquake?
Tsunamis occur as a result of sudden and large movements in the oceans. Recently, after the 7.0 magnitude earthquake in Rio Dell, California on December 5, 2024, a warning was made that a tsunami could occur naturally. Tsunamis are a possible situation in major earthquakes that occur in cities with ocean coasts. They can also occur frequently in countries such as Japan and America. The main reasons for these tsunami movements are as follows,

Tectonic Plate Movements: Earthquakes of magnitude 7.0 and above in the sea prepare the ground for tsunami formation. Especially in subduction zones, a large explosion or subsidence occurs in the ocean when one plate pushes the plate of another. This causes the ocean water to move its roots and cause huge waves to change.

Volcanic Eruptions: Underwater volcanoes can cause sudden changes in water. For example, the tsunami triggered by the eruption of the Anak Krakatoa volcano in Indonesia caused loss of life and property.

Landslides: Large landslides or underwater landslides at sea can also trigger a tsunami. The tsunami triggered by the eruption of the Anak Krakatoa volcano is also thought to be an underground landslide.

Meteorite Impacts: Although very rare, a large meteorite can create a tsunami when it falls into the ocean.

It is vital to retreat to a safe distance to protect yourself from a tsunami. However, this distance may vary depending on the size and intensity of the tsunami. In general, it is generally considered safe to rise to a height of at least 30 meters from the shore or at least 3-5 kilometers from the shore. However, if the tsunami is larger, this distance may not be sufficient. In the event of a tsunami, official warnings must be followed.

How Long Does It Take for a Large Tsunami to Reach Land?

The time it takes for a tsunami to reach land depends on the distance from the epicenter of the earthquake or triggering event and the speed of the wave.

Ocean Depth and Wave Speed, Tsunami waves can travel rapidly in deep oceans at speeds of 500-800 kilometers. However, as they approach the shore, their speed decreases due to shallowing of the water. If the epicenter of the earthquake is 50 kilometers away from the shore, the waves can reach land in about 5-10 minutes. If the epicenter is 1000 kilometers away, the waves can be obtained in 1-2 hours.

Unexpected and Little Known Information About Tsunami

Tsunami Waves Go Unnoticed in the Open Sea: Tsunami waves in the deep ocean may be only a few centimeters away. However, as they approach the shore, their energy is compressed and they turn into giant waves.

Planned Water Hazard Sign: The accumulation of water on the shore at the same time is one of the most obvious signs of an approaching tsunami. During this natural event, the path spent staying on the shore may be closed.

Consists of Multiple Waves: Tsunamis are usually not just one wave. Larger waves can occur after the first wave. Therefore, it is extremely dangerous to return to shore after the first wave.

Largest Tsunami: The world’s highest tsunami occurred in 1958 in Lituya Bay, Alaska, as a result of a landslide. However, the tsunami made history by reaching a height of 524 meters.

Tsunami Name Comes from Japanese: Derived from the words “tsu” (harbor) and “nami” (wave), “tsunami” is a term used to describe the devastation experienced by Japanese fishermen when they returned to shore.

The Effect of Underwater Volcanoes: Tsunamis resulting from volcanic eruptions can be more intense and more destructive due to the volcanic material that the waves can reach.

Pacific Ocean Most Risky Region: The region called the “Pacific Ring of Fire” is where the world’s most active tectonic plates are located. Therefore, most of the tsunamis worldwide occur in this region.

Among the precautions that can be taken against tsunami, the following precautions are often included.

Follow Tsunami Warning Systems: A tsunami warning may be issued immediately after an earthquake. Follow the evacuation instructions of the authorities.

Prepare an Evacuation Plan: An appropriate evacuation plan can be made for places at risk of tsunami and an evacuation route should be determined.
Go High: During a tsunami, you can go as far away from the shore as possible.
Stay Calm: Since tsunami waves can last for several hours, continue to stay in a safe place and do not rush to return.

Tsunamis are natural disasters with enormous destructive power. Tsunamis that occur after earthquakes always force humanity to be prepared with their speed, size and areas they reach. The approach time and impact of a tsunami can be greatly reduced with proper evacuation and precautions.

Remember, being informed and prepared saves lives!